Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
SNP
Complete the homework based on teachings in class & extra reading.
Refer SNP resources for more relevant information.
Significance of Multi-omics Studies
Multi-omics Multi-omics, variously called integrated omics, pan-omics, and trans-omics, aims to combine two or more omics data sets to aid in data analysis, visualization and interpretation to determine the mechanism of a biological process. Read More Complete the homework by adding your understanding as a comment below. Refer resources for more relevant information. NHGRI multi-omics workshop Review Article Answer in the comment section below
I would like to restate what Dr. Ojha explained that SNPs must occur in at least 1% of the population. Also, a SNP is not a mutation, it is a variant of a base (ex. A, T, C, G). Lastly, knowing a patient's SNP(s) is important for a prescription of a medication and to understand if the patient will have a reaction to the drug. ~Cassina
ReplyDeleteSNP (pronounced snip) stands for single nucleotide polymorphism and happens when a nucleotide in a genome sequence is different from most, and at least 1% of the population shares this difference. They are not mutations, though, because they aren’t necessarily located within the genes and don’t always affect the functions of proteins. One of the most common SNP-involving studies is done to see if and how SNPs in a genome affect a person’s health, response to medicine, and/or if they cause disease.
ReplyDeleteMetabolics is an emerging field involving the study of metabolites and everything concerning them. Metabolites are a substance made in the body for when it needs to break down tissue, chemicals, food, or drugs. They are produced by metabolic reactions from enzymes within cells. This process is called metabolism; a term very commonly tossed around. It’s used to make energy and materials essential for growth and health.
I interpret SNP as a genetic variation in which a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is changed. SNPs are common in the human genome, with an average of about one SNP per every 1,000 bases and they are one of the factors that contribute to the difference between humans. SNPs are a significant aspect of genetics research and have the potential to provide important insights into the genetic basis of traits and diseases.
ReplyDeleteMetabolomics involves the study of metabolites, which are molecules involved after the breakdown of food, muscles, or other external sources which provide energy for the body. From what I learned today, there is often a strong emphasis on toxicology when studying metabolomics, and more specifically metabolites, because much of the research revolving around the study of metabolism is centered around how the body’s metabolic abilities are able to break down toxins and other foreign material. This is especially important to understand, because it allows clinicians and researchers alike to help understand the causes and possible treatments for a patient that suffers from metabolic issues, that are most likely the cause of toxic buildup.
ReplyDeleteFrom the resources that Metabolon provided, I found it especially interesting how metabolomics can be applied to a vast amount of topics in our world — from agriculture and GMOs to understanding various human diseases. Because of this, I felt that the many applications Metabolomics provides can provide a bright potential for this area of research, since it can prove important to many other fields of study that can essentially help improve many medical and scientific fields grasp onto key topics.
A SNP is a genetic phenomenon similar to a mutation in which a single nucleotide changes from what is considered "normal" in the gene. The difference it has with a mutation is the extent of the changes and its rarity. SNPs are usually a minor genetic change that doesn't affect the chances of survival of a species, so they are much more widespread than a mutation.
ReplyDeletePhysically, SNPs are commonly changes like eye color, hair color, and so on. SNPs also give a specific gene different "variations" depending on what nucleotide the SNP becomes.
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ReplyDeleteA SNP is a part of a DNA in which there is a different base pairs at a specific location than there usually is. It is very important to know that SNP are not mutations. It is also important to know that in order for a SNP to be classified as a SNP, it must be present in at least 1% of a population. SNP aren't always bad because sometimes it can lead to synonymous production which will not affect you at all because the same protein is still being made. However, non-synonymous production is bad when the protein code changes so a different protein is being made, or a stop code is initiated which stops the protein from being manufactured all together.
Metabolimics is the process of metabolites. Metabolites are anything that the body breaks down such as tissues, food, chemicals, etc. This is important for scientists because they can take a deeper look into how body breaks down substances and which substances in the body are being broken down which could be used to identify how to create a certain drug so that the body doesn’t see at as something to be broken down.
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation of a nucleotide in the DNA of an organism. SNPs are common in the human genome, with millions of SNPs present in the DNA of each individual. Some SNPs have no effect on an individual's traits or health, while others may be associated with particular traits or diseases. SNPs can be used in genetic studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to identify genetic variations that are associated with particular traits or diseases. SNPs are identified by comparing the DNA sequences of different individuals and looking for variations at specific base positions.
ReplyDeleteMetabolomics is the study of the complete set of small molecules (metabolites) produced by an organism. By analyzing the levels of these molecules, researchers can learn about an organism's physiology and the mechanisms underlying various conditions and diseases. This information can be used to better understand how the body breaks down different substances, which can be useful in the development of treatments.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a change in the DNA of an organism by one nucleotide, and it is kept throughout heredity. SNPs can be found in both coding and noncoding regions of DNA, and because they are so abundant, it is easy to use them to measure genetic variation.
ReplyDeleteMetabolomics is the study of the occurrence and concentrations of many small molecules in an organism. Metabolomics is an increasingly important field of study as the information gathered can help scientists understand the mechanisms in the body involving those small molecules, which is useful for drug development.
Metabolomics studies molecules known as metabolites. This helps researchers study numerous things such as diseases or reaction to drugs. Since the level of metabolites is affected by outside forces such as the environment, researchers have used metabolomics to find treatments for new diseases. This is done by comparing the levels and finding if the drug increased or decreased the metabolite without affecting the levels of other metabolites that could cause harm.
ReplyDeleteI learned that metabolomics measures the presence of metabolites, which are small molecules. Metabolites take part in breaking down external substances that enter the body or internal tissues. Analyzing their presence allows one to understand mechanisms and causes of various diseases. Learning how the body breaks down substances helps with finding more personalized treatment for patients, because not everybody's bodies work the same when it comes to metabolism. I also learned that Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ( SNP) is single base position variant in DNA. These cause the varying phenotypes and genotypes among populations. It is a single letter (nucleotide) that varies at the same location of different genome sequences. These can affect health and reactions to different drugs, however, the Human Genome Project allows for the nucleotide to be changed across all the genomes.
ReplyDeleteSNPs are small variations of single nucleotides within a strand on DNA. These differences are often seen between people from different ethnic backgrounds with different physical features. These can be used with bioinformatics to identify common traits found in diseases. Today I learned that metabolomics is a concept that involves the study of small molecules within cells. This is important in bioinformatics because they can also be used to track similarities between multiple people with the same disease.
ReplyDeleteI learned that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a genetic variant that occurs when a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is substituted with one that the majority of the population does not obtain, but at least one percent of the total population does. SNPs are important because they contain essential information about the DNA sequence, and can be very useful to doctors or researchers regarding their patients’ reactions to specific drugs, susceptibility to contracting a certain disease, or responses to specific environmental factors.
ReplyDeleteIn addition, metabolomics is the study of many small molecules in an organism, called metabolites. Due to the non-invasive nature of metabolomics, along with the idea that metabolite levels vary in certain conditions, it can be useful for diagnosing patients and developing drugs.
From what I understand, a single nucleotide polymorphism or a SNP, is a genetic variation among populations. These are not mutations and they often have no effect or no known effect on us. SNPS are hereditary. Some SNPS are synonymous, which means that they do not affect the protein they code at all. However, some are non synonymous. These can lead to a missense or, rarely, a nonsense. A missense is when there is a change in an amino acid due to a SNP. A nonsense is when there is a premature stop codon due to a change in the amino acids. SNPS can help us analyze patients' individual differences and create medicine that works the best for their bodies.
ReplyDeleteMetabolomics is the study of metabolites. It measures the occurrence and concentration of small molecules called metabolites in an organism, which are made when our body breaks down food or chemicals. We usually utilize different liquids in our bodies to study metabolites. Metabolites are yet another way for us to create personalized medicine for patients, like SNPs.
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a genetic variation at a single base position. SNPs are important because we humans are so genetically similar. Given that we are 99% similar, that means that the diversity that we humans have come from 1%. This 1% can gives us information on how/why humans are they way we are and gives us information on how a patient may be different than others or medical status/information. Metabolomics studies molecules in an organism. Scientists use metabolomics to figure out the causes of the disease by studying the biofluids of an organism.
ReplyDeleteAn SNP, or a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, is a genetic variation in a single nucleotide in DNA. Although they are hereditary, SNPs are not mutations. While mutations are single DNA base variations found in <1% of the populations, SNPs are single DNA base variations found in >6% of the population. Since there are four nucleotide bases, there can be up to four SNPs in a single location in a genome. SNPs can be found in both coding and non-coding regions, and are fairly common and can be easily measured. There are two types of SNPs: synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs. SNPs Should a SNP be a non-synonymous SNP, it can result in missense or nonsense. SNPs typically either have no effect or they may alter the function of a protein. Although many SNPs are harmless, some do cause diseases, like the one that causes Sickle Cell Anemia.
ReplyDeleteFrom what I have learned, SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism; this is known as a genetic variation that occurs in at least 1% of the population, and they are not to be classified as mutations. SNPs are really important to a population because it is what makes people unique. These genetic variations in DNA sequences, that occur throughout our population, give people variation in traits and they can even contribute the certain diseases people may contract.
ReplyDeleteA single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) is a change in a single nucleotide base position, plus it is not a mutation. It is only a single-letter change that can occur anywhere in the genome. And it occurs in at least 1% of the population. Sometimes they act as biological markers to help locate genes associated with diseases.
ReplyDeleteEsther:
ReplyDeleteWhen alleles in the same locus are compared, changes in a single nucleotide are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). SNP is the basis of genetic polymorphism, which causes most of the genetic differences between individuals. SNP is the bridge connecting the relationship between genotype and phenotype. There is about one SNP for every 1000 bases in the human genome. From an SNP point of view, each individual human being is special. SNP that are more frequently present in patients with specific diseases can be identified by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS).
SNP markers, as the third generation of molecular markers, play an important role in molecular genetics, pharmacogenetics, forensic medicine and disease diagnosis and treatment. It provides diagnostic procedures for detecting disease or disease susceptibility, and molecular diagnostic methods for diseases with a well-defined genetic pattern; specific genes that cause disease can be isolated; haplotype identification in appropriate genomic regions provides the basis for unambiguous paternity test.
SNP, otherwise known as snips or single nucleotide polymorphism, is a noticeable change in a single nucleotide base position that occurs in at least 1% of the population. A not to take down is that it is not a mutation even though it is commonly mistaken for one and they are a common trait in the human genome. They can be used in bioinformatics to identify the cause of some diseases and isolate those diseases to be treated.
ReplyDeleteThe most interesting think I learned was that if a SNP is present in the DNA then the protein structure is changed. I also found out that missense mutations cause the amino acids to change and how non-synonymous mutations are silent mutations.
ReplyDeleteA single nucleotide polymorphism occurs when a single genetic variation is made through one nucleotide and passed to future generations. Additionally, this genetic variation is considered a single nucleotide polymorphism if it is found in greater than 6% of the human population. On the other hand, a mutation is characterized by a single DNA variation found in less than 1% of the human population and only germline mutations can be passed through heredity a
ReplyDeleteA single nucleotide polymorphism occurs when a single genetic variation is made through one nucleotide and passed to future generations. Additionally, this genetic variation is considered a single nucleotide polymorphism if it is found in greater than 6% of the human population. On the other hand, a mutation is characterized by a single DNA variation found in less than 1% of the human population and only germline mutations can be passed through heredity.
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